Question

What should be done in this activity? With all the information above, it's time to act! Thinking that you are part of the multiprofessional team of a hospital, imagine that you were directed to the baby's care of the clinical case reported above. Based on the knowledge and studies acquired during the pathology discipline, reflect on the following questions: Can you identify the foundations of dehydration and their relationship with the acid-base balance disorders and consequently the dehydration profile? Can you relate metabolic changes that include tissue loss with cell adaptation mechanisms against an injury? Can you determine the relationship between bacterial infection and leukocytosis? Can you relate the action of coagulation proteins to the function of phagocytic cells? Still, what are the mechanisms of compensation in acid-base equilibrium changes? What is hypotrophy? What are the causes of hypotrophy? What is the relationship of dehydration with hypernatremia? What is the relationship of dehydration with oliguria? What causes leukocytosis? What is the relationship of leukocytosis with infectious diseases? What is the relationship of leukocytes with coagulation proteins? What is the difference between PSA and PCR? What is the PSA/PCR ratio with phagocytosis? Developing work after this brief reflection, respond to what you are asked: a) Identify the type of alkalosis involved in the clinical case and justify your answer. B) Explain the compensation mechanism involved with the alkalosis identified in letter a. C) Explain the mechanism of cellular adaptation regarding subcutaneous and muscle hypotrophy, relating to the data presented in the clinical case. D) Relate hypernatremia to dehydration and oliguria. E) Justify leukocytosis and relate to increased concentration of PCR and PSA proteins. FINAL GUIDELINES: - Do not forget that this is an academic work, therefore, observe the standards ABNT. - Attention: if identified plagiarism (improper copy d

Answer 1

In the clinical case presented, the presence of metabolic alkalosis , characterized by an abnormal increase of the pH blood and a reduction in Hydrogen ions (H+) levels, resulting in a more alkaline environment in the body. This scenario is explained by the persistent occurrence of vomiting, which lead to excessive loss of hydrochloric acid (HCl) of the stomach and a proportional increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-) . with the bicarbonate buffer system to regulate the pH of the body. Hypoventilation, decreased respiratory rate, increases alveolar CO2 pressure and extracellular H2CO3 concentration, with consequent pH drop. Hypotrophy or Atrophy is characterized by quantitative decrease in cellular structural components, resulting in a reduction in their volume and in number. Generally, there is an increase in the degradation of cellular proteins during a physiological or pathological condition, as in the case here, malnutrition.

d) The hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration above 145 Meq/L (or 145 mmol/l). This clinical picture indicates a deficit of the total body water in relation to the total of sodium , usually caused by insufficient water intake in relation to loss . The process of eliminating these structures by activating the complement system and phagocytes. On the other hand, PSA tends to increase in situations of change in prostatic tissue, possibly by urinary tract infection or severe urinary retention, resulting in effort to urinate by the patient.