Final answer:
Mariko bows while Joe shakes hands due to cultural influences on greeting and 2) haptic behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is Social Studies, which explores various aspects of culture and society, including cultural influences on behavior. In the given case, Mariko, who is from Japan, bows upon meeting or saying hello to someone, while Joe, who is from the United States, offers to shake hands. These actions differ due to cultural influence on greeting and haptic (touch-based) behavior.
In Japan, bowing is a common gesture of respect, whereas shaking hands is a more common greeting in the United States. These specific cultural differences in greeting customs are examples of how cultural influences can shape social behaviors and norms.