Answer:
Rocky Soil
Deep Natural Harbors
Cold Winters
Step-by-step explanation:
Rocky soil: The New England colonies had a rocky coastline, which made good harbors. The land close to the coastline was flat, but it became hilly and mountainous further inland.
Deep natural harbors: The rocky coastline of the New England colonies provided numerous deep natural harbors. This geography was advantageous for trade and the development of a maritime economy.
Cold winters: The New England colonies experienced long, cold winters. Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont had a humid continental climate with cooler summers and long, cold winters. The presence of the Appalachian Mountains in the region contributed to the cold weather.