Final answer:
The statement given refers to the Rule of Law, which holds that all individuals, including authority figures, are subject to and must obey the laws. This stands in contrast to the 'rule by law', where those in power manipulate the system to their advantage. Governments exercise their authority within their jurisdiction, and this authority is recognized by those subject to it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'All authority figures must obey the law and limits that are placed on governmental powers' corresponds to the concept known as Rule of Law. The rule of law is a principle whereby the government is subject to its own laws, and not above it. This also extends to all individuals within the government, meaning that no authorities or leaders are exempt from following the law.
In contrast to the rule of law is the 'rule by law' where those in power may manipulate the system to further their control and power. However, the rule of law maintains that laws be clear, publicized, stable, and applied evenly, thereby protecting fundamental rights such as the security of persons, property, and certain core human rights.
A government has authority when those subject to its power recognize that power. The authority is usually limited specific circumstances and places where the authority is said to have jurisdiction. For instance, a government can require you to pay your taxes but it cannot require you to perform unlawful acts.
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