Final answer:
The 1st English Parliament was created in 1275 by Edward I to represent the interests of nobles, clergy, and wealthy commoners. It played a vital role in protecting English liberties and established the constitutional monarchy in 1689, after the Glorious Revolution. It passed the English Bill of Rights which enumerated the rights of English citizens and explicitly guaranteed rights to life, liberty, and property.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first English Parliament was created in 1275 by King Edward I. This body was composed of nobles, clergy, and wealthy commoners and served to represent the interests of these groups, ensuring that laws were not solely the king's, but agreed upon by these representative elites. In the seventeenth century, it played a pivotal role in safeguarding English liberties when a threat was posed by the royal Stuart dynasty. Most notably, this Parliament removed King James II during the Glorious Revolution and passed the English Bill of Rights in 1689. This document enhanced the rights of English citizens, affirming rights to life, liberty, and property, and had a profound influence on the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Post the Glorious Revolution, the 1689 Bill of Rights established a constitutional monarchy, reinforcing Parliament's independence from the monarchy and guaranteed rights to all English subjects e.g., trial by jury and habeas corpus (the requirement that authorities bring an imprisoned person before a court to demonstrate the cause of imprisonment). Thus, the first English Parliament, since its inception, functioned to protect the interests of the English elite and subsequently, broader citizenry.
Learn more about English Parliament