Answer:
1. **Quote Embodies Washington's Warning (Union):**
"The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize."
- In this quote, Washington emphasizes the importance of maintaining the unity of the federal government as a pillar of independence, peace, safety, and prosperity. He warns against any actions or attitudes that might threaten the unity of the nation.
**Explanation:** Washington is warning future generations about the dangers of disunity, emphasizing that a strong and united federal government is essential for the well-being of the nation. He highlights that divisions and disunity can jeopardize the hard-fought independence and peace of the United States.
**Quote Embodies Washington's Recommendation (Union):**
"The name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations."
- This quote reflects Washington's recommendation for Americans to prioritize their identity as Americans over regional or factional identities. He encourages national unity above all else.
**Explanation:** Washington recommends that future Americans should consider themselves first and foremost as citizens of the United States and not allow regional or factional differences to divide them. This recommendation aligns with his warning about maintaining the unity of the nation.
2. **Events in Washington's Career and Their Influence:**
a) **The Whiskey Rebellion (1794):** Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion, where he personally led a federal militia to quell the rebellion against the federal government's tax on whiskey, reflects his warning about the dangers of domestic factions and the importance of upholding federal authority.
b) **The Jay Treaty (1795):** Washington's negotiation and ratification of the Jay Treaty with Britain demonstrated his approach to foreign affairs and his belief in maintaining neutrality and avoiding entanglement in foreign conflicts, aligning with his advice on foreign affairs.
3. **Importance of the Constitution:**
Washington places significant importance on the Constitution in his recommendations because it serves as the foundation of the federal government and the source of its authority. He emphasizes the need to uphold and preserve the Constitution, as it defines the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the rule of law. Washington's farewell address underscores that the Constitution is the essential framework for ensuring the stability and prosperity of the nation.
4. **Judging Washington's Advice in Current US Federal Government:**
a) **Unity (Union):** Washington's advice on maintaining national unity is relevant today, but the degree to which it is followed varies. While the United States remains a single nation, there are ongoing political and social divisions. The extent to which Americans prioritize national unity over partisan or regional interests can be a subject of debate.
b) **Foreign Affairs:** Washington's recommendation to avoid permanent alliances and remain neutral in foreign conflicts has generally been followed throughout U.S. history, with occasional exceptions. The U.S. often seeks to maintain a position of neutrality and engage in alliances when deemed necessary for national interests.
The extent to which Washington's advice is followed can vary over time and with different administrations and political climates.