Answer:
The correct answer is Option 2: Using copyrighted music in a commercial advertisement without permission. This situation would not qualify for the fair use exception because it is a commercial use that does not add any new meaning or purpose to the original work. It also could have a negative effect on the potential market for or value of the original work, as it could reduce the demand for licensing the music or create confusion among consumers.
Option 1: Reproducing a small portion of a copyrighted book for educational purposes. This situation could qualify for the fair use exception because it is a non-commercial use that serves a scholarly or pedagogical purpose. It also uses only a limited amount of the original work, which may not affect its market value.
Option 3: Creating a parody of a copyrighted movie scene for comedic purposes. This situation could qualify for the fair use exception because it is a transformative use that adds a new meaning or message to the original work. It also falls under the category of criticism or comment, which are examples of fair use purposes.
Option 4: Sharing a news article with proper attribution on social media. This situation could qualify for the fair use exception because it is a use for news reporting or information dissemination, which are also examples of fair use purposes. It also gives credit to the original source, which may reduce the impact on its market value.
I hope this helps you understand the concept better.