Final answer:
Frogs with high fecundity often have less parental investment per offspring. Experiments can test frog predator detection using a two-compartment water container that isolates frogs from visual and audio detection of fish. Changes in genetic makeup, such as an increase in heterozygotes, suggest evolution in fish populations.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the traits of organisms like frogs, which are known for their high fecundity (the ability to produce a large number of offspring), we should expect some accompanying life-history characteristics that ensure their survival. With high fecundity, these features often include early maturity, short gestation times, and perhaps a large number of offspring produced in each reproductive event. However, typically in nature, there is a trade-off between the quantity of offspring and the parental investment in each. If a species like frogs produce many offspring, they may invest less in each individual offspring's care and survival.
To determine how frogs might detect predators, such as fish, an experiment could be designed to test whether frogs can chemically detect fish without using sight or sound. One method involves setting up a controlled experiment with two compartments in a container of water, where one compartment contains fish and the other contains frogs, with water freely shared between them but without visual or auditory contact. Researchers can then observe the frogs' egg-laying behavior in the presence of fish that they cannot see or hear. Comparisons can be made between frog behavior with and without the ability to detect fish, thereby testing the hypothesis.
Evolution involves changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time. When assessing whether the population of fish has evolved, one would consider factors such as changes in allele frequencies, genetic drift, and the introduction of new genetic variations. The predicted presence of 403 heterozygote (Aa) individuals in a future population, out of 850 fish, indicates a change in genetic structure, suggesting that evolution has occurred if those genotypic frequencies differ significantly from the original population's frequencies.