Final answer:
In peacetime, sea power encompasses commercial rivalries and diplomatic maneuvering. Commercial rivalries include the need for strong navies to protect trade routes and supply stations, while diplomatic maneuvering refers to states using diplomacy to create mutually beneficial agreements.
Step-by-step explanation:
In peacetime, sea power encompasses not just the clash of fleets as in wartime, but also commercial rivalries and diplomatic maneuvering. This means options 2 and 3 are both correct for the encompassing elements of sea power in a peacetime context. The notion of sea power extends beyond military might to commercial and diplomatic influences on a global scale.
For example, in the late 19th century, strong navies were essential in protecting commercial trade as industrialized nations embarked on empire building, and international markets became part of their strategic endeavors. Sea power also involved establishing and maintaining supply and fueling stations worldwide to service navies. Therefore, commercial rivalries were intrinsically tied to the concept of sea power.
Similarly, the use of diplomatic maneuvering plays a significant role in the execution of sea power during peacetime. States engage in diplomatic engagements to create mutually beneficial agreements; this mirrors how sea power is used, not as a tool for coercion but as a mechanism intended to foster equal relations and prevent conflict between nations. This highlights the importance of diplomacy in the effective administration of sea power.
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