The question deals with the evaluation of data related to alterations in biogeochemical cycles and their impact on ecosystems. Increases in certain elements like carbon dioxide or nitrogen, due to human activities, can cause disruption in these cycles, leading to significant ecological consequences. Creation of new biogeochemical cycles or alteration of planetary orbits is not related to the subject.
The question asks us to critically examine data related to alterations in biogeochemical cycles, and then consider the potential impacts these alterations could have on ecosystems. Biogeochemical cycles are the pathways that chemicals necessary for life like carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus circulate in an ecosystem, from the non-living (like the atmosphere or soil) to the living (like plants and animals) and back again.
Any alterations to these cycles can significantly impact the ecosystems. For instance, increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels can result in global warming, impacting the life cycles of many organisms. On the other hand, increased nitrogen in water bodies due to fertilizer runoffs can lead to an explosion of algae growth, which depletes water's oxygen, killing fish and other aquatic life.
Creating a new biogeochemical cycle is not feasible as these are part of a complex global system that has evolved over billions of years. Measuring the weight of biogeochemical elements could help track changes in the cycles. However, observing changes in planetary orbits is unrelated to biogeochemistry.
Learn more about Biogeochemical Cycles