Final answer:
Avermectins, and specifically their derivative ivermectin, are similar to organophosphates but less toxic to humans and domestic animals. They are used in the treatment of roundworm diseases and certain parasitic insects. Their mode of action specifically targets invertebrates without causing harm to humans.
Step-by-step explanation:
Avermectins are similar to organophosphates but are less toxic to humans and domestic animals. Avermectins are members of the macrolide family that were first discovered from a Japanese soil isolate, Streptomyces avermectinius. While organophosphates are commonly found in detergents and industrial-strength cleaners, avermectins are used in the treatment of roundworm diseases, including onchocerciasis and strongyloidiasis. They function by binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels specific to invertebrates including helminths, effectively blocking neuronal transmission and eventually causing starvation, paralysis, and death of the worms.
One derivative of avermectin, ivermectin, is particularly notable. Ivermectin exhibits strong antiparasitic properties and is used to treat a variety of parasitic insects like mites, lice, and bed bugs. Due to its specific mode of action, it is non-toxic to humans and domestic animals, making it a less harmful alternative to organophosphates.
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