Final answer:
Producers, such as plants and photosynthetic bacteria, are the organisms in the fast carbon cycle that remove carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, converting CO2 into organic carbon compounds.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the fast carbon cycle, the organisms that carry out a biological process that removes large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere are the producers. Producers, like plants and photosynthetic bacteria, perform photosynthesis, a process where they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it to create organic carbon compounds. This critical role in the carbon cycle supports the stability and functioning of ecosystems by assimilating carbon into living matter, which can then be used by consumers and eventually decomposed back into the environment by decomposers.