Humans typically have 46 chromosomes in their body cells. These chromosomes come in 23 pairs, with one chromosome in each pair coming from each parent. Among these 23 pairs, 22 pairs are called autosomes and are the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes, where males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), and females have two X chromosomes (XX). This chromosome arrangement is responsible for determining an individual's genetic characteristics and sex.