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The Effects of the Crusades

The Crusades failed in their chief goal--the conquest of the Holy Land. They also left a bitter legacy of religious hatred. In the Middle East, both Christians and Muslims committed atrocities in the name of religion. In Europe, crusaders sometimes turned their religious fury against Jews, killing entire communities.
The Crusades did have positive effects on
Europe, however. They began just as Europe was undergoing major economic and political changes. and the Crusades helped quicken the pace of those changes, contributing to the end of medieval Europe.

A Growing Demand for Goods

Even before the Crusades, Europeans had developed a taste for luxuries that merchants brought from the Byzantine empire. The Crusades increased the level of trade.
Returning crusaders brought even more fabrics, spices, and perfumes from the Middle East to a larger market. Trade increased and expanded.
Merchants in Venice and other northern Italian cities built large fleets to carry crusaders to the Holy Land. They later used those fleets to open new markets in the crusader states. Even after the Muslims recaptured Acre, Italian merchants kept these trade routes open. Our words sugar, cotton, and rice, which were borrowed from Arabic, show the range of trade goods brought back to Europe.
The Crusades further encouraged the growth of a money economy. To finance a journey to the Holy Land, nobles needed money. They therefore allowed peasants to pay rents in money rather than in grain or labor. Peasants began to sell their goods in towns to earn money, a practice that helped to undermine serfdom.

Changes for Monarchs and the Church

The Crusades helped to increase the power of monarchs.
They managed to gain the power to levy, or collect taxes in order to support the Crusades.

Some rulers, such as the French king Louis IX and the English king Richard I, called the Lionheart, led crusades, which added greatly to their prestige.
Enthusiasm for the Crusades brought papal power to its greatest height. The growing power of the Church, however, soon brought popes into a bitter struggle with feudal rulers in Europe. Also, the Crusades did not end the split between the Roman and Byzantine churches as Pope Urban had hoped.
In fact, Byzantine resentment against the West hardened as a result of the Fourth Crusade, which ended in the sack of Constantinople.

Europe Gains a Wider View of the World

Contacts with the Muslim world led Christians to realize that millions of people lived in regions they had never even known existed. Soon, a few curious Europeans left to explore far-off places such as India and China.
In 1271, a young Venetian, Marco Polo, set out for China with his merchant father and uncle.
After many years in China, he returned to Venice and wrote a book about the wonders of Chinese civilization. Europeans who heard his stories dubbed him a liar, rejecting his incredible tales of government mail service and black stones (coal) that were burned to heat homes.
The experiences of crusaders and of travelers like Marco Polo expanded European horizons and contributed to the end of medieval Europe by bringing Europe into a wider world from which it had been cut off since the fall of Rome. By the 1400s, a desire to trade directly with India and China would lead Europeans to a new age of exploration.

Impact on the Middle East and the Byzantine Empire

The Crusades occurred during a time when Muslims in the Middle East were locked in frequent local power struggles. On occasion, rival Muslim rulers joined forces to fight the European invaders.
Saladin briefly united lands from Egypt to Syria, but divisions soon reappeared.
The Fourth Crusade further weakened the
Byzantine empire, which had already lost most of its lands. As the empire continued to decline, it faced a new threat, this time from the Ottoman Turks. In 1453, finally fell to the invaders led by Mehmet II.

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that's too much but

- The Crusades resulted in religious hatred and atrocities committed by both Christians and Muslims in the name of religion.

- Crusaders directed their religious fury against Jews in Europe, leading to the killing of entire Jewish communities.

- The Crusades contributed to the growth of trade in Europe, as returning crusaders brought back luxurious goods from the Middle East, expanding markets and increasing trade routes.

- The Crusades played a role in the development of a money economy, as nobles needed money to finance their journeys, leading them to allow peasants to pay rents in money instead of grain or labor, undermining serfdom.

- The power of monarchs increased due to the Crusades, as they gained the authority to levy taxes to support the Crusades and some monarchs, such as Louis IX of France and Richard I of England, gained prestige by leading crusades.

- Contacts with the Muslim world during the Crusades expanded Europeans' knowledge of the wider world and eventually led to the Age of Exploration, as curiosity and desire for direct trade with India and China emerged.

- The Crusades had a significant impact on the Middle East, contributing to power struggles among Muslims and briefly uniting lands under Saladin. The Fourth Crusade further weakened the Byzantine Empire, which eventually fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

User Ashish Rajput
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