If a government has power but not authority legitimacy and sovereignty, there are a few possible ways they could have obtained it:
1.➡ By force (option b): In some cases, governments may seize power through violent means, such as a coup or revolution. They may not have the necessary authority or legitimacy, but they gain control through military force or coercion.⬅
2. By manipulation or deception: Governments can sometimes gain power without proper authority by manipulating or deceiving the public. This can involve spreading false information, rigging elections, or suppressing opposition. However, such methods undermine the legitimacy and can lead to instability.
3. By exploiting power vacuums: In situations where there is a lack of established authority or governance, a group or individual may seize power opportunistically. This can occur during times of political instability or following the collapse of a previous government.
4. By external support: Sometimes, governments may receive support from external actors, such as foreign powers or international organizations. This can give them the necessary power to control a territory or population, even if they lack legitimate authority.
It is important to note that governments without authority legitimacy and sovereignty are likely to face challenges in maintaining control and face opposition from those who question their right to govern. The lack of legitimacy can undermine the government's ability to effectively govern and gain the trust of its citizens.