Answer:
The President of the United States has a range of powers and responsibilities, some of which require congressional approval, while others do not. Here are some presidential activities that generally do not require congressional approval:
1. **Executive Orders:** The President can issue executive orders to direct the operations of the federal government and its agencies. While these orders are subject to legal and judicial review, they do not require congressional approval to be issued.
2. **Pardons and Commutations:** The President has the authority to pardon individuals convicted of federal crimes or commute their sentences. This power is granted by the Constitution and does not require congressional approval.
3. **International Treaties and Agreements:** While the President has the authority to negotiate international treaties and agreements, they generally require Senate approval by a two-thirds majority for ratification. However, some international agreements, such as executive agreements, do not require congressional approval and can be made solely by the President.
4. **Appointments:** The President can appoint individuals to various positions within the executive branch, including federal judges, ambassadors, and members of the President's Cabinet. While these appointments often require Senate confirmation, some positions can be filled through recess appointments or other means without congressional approval.
5. **Commander-in-Chief Authority:** The President has the authority to deploy U.S. military forces and make strategic decisions as the Commander-in-Chief without congressional approval. However, Congress has the power to declare war and appropriate funds for military actions, which can serve as a check on presidential power in this area.
6. **Veto Power:** The President can veto legislation passed by Congress. While this is not an activity in the traditional sense, it is a significant power that allows the President to reject bills passed by Congress, which can then be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
It's important to note that the balance of power between the President and Congress is a fundamental aspect of the U.S. government, and the specific requirements for congressional approval can vary depending on the circumstances and the nature of the activity in question. Additionally, the President's actions are subject to legal and constitutional constraints and can be challenged or reviewed by the courts or Congress if they are deemed to exceed the President's constitutional authority.
Step-by-step explanation: