Question

Which of the following increases a patient's risk of developing gallbladder malignancy? a. gallstones b. chronic cholecystitis c. porcelain gallbladder d. all of the above raise the risk

Answer 1

d. All of the above raise the risk of developing gallbladder malignancy.

Explanation:

- Gallstones: Gallbladder malignancy is more common in patients with gallstones, especially larger gallstones or those that have been present for a long time.

- Chronic cholecystitis: Chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, such as in chronic cholecystitis, can increase the risk of developing malignancy.

- Porcelain gallbladder: Porcelain gallbladder refers to extensive calcification of the gallbladder wall, which is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder malignancy.