Final answer:
Meteorology studies the atmosphere using instruments like thermometers, barometers, wind vanes, anemometers, hygrometers, and rain gauges to collect data for weather forecasting.
Step-by-step explanation:
Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and its phenomena, with emphasis on weather processes and forecasting. Tools like thermometer and barometers, both Mercury and aneroid types, measure air temperatures and pressure respectively. The wind speed and direction are gauged by an anemometer and a wind vane. Meanwhile, a hygrometer measures relative humidity and a rain gauge collects and quantifies precipitation. All these instruments yield valuable measurements that allow meteorologists to analyze and forecast short term changes in weather.
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