Final answer:
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition where the body destroys stomach cells that produce intrinsic factor, necessary for Vit B12 absorption which leads to Vit B12 deficiency, and its associated symptoms. Autoantibodies against intrinsic factor or the stomach cells that produce it may be found. Laboratory tests confirm the diagnosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pernicious Anemia - Pathogenesis
Pernicious anemia is a type of vitamin B12 deficiency that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys stomach cells that produce the intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.
Clinical Presentation
Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, a red and sore tongue, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty balancing, memory loss, and mood changes.
Autoimmune Findings
In cases of Pernicious anemia, the body produces antibodies against the intrinsic factor or the parietal cells in the stomach that produce it, leading to an impaired absorption of vitamin B12. This is an autoimmune condition as the body attacks its own cells.
Laboratory Findings
Lab tests for Pernicious anemia may include Vitamin B12 level check, complete blood count (CBC), and sometimes intrinsic factor antibody test. A low level of B12, anemia on the CBC, along with the presence of intrinsic factor antibodies would point to this condition.
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