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Compare and contrast RNA and DNA. (How are they different? How are they similar?)

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Differences between RNA and DNA:

  • Sugar Molecule: RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
  • Bases: RNA uses uracil (U) as a base instead of thymine (T), which is found in DNA.
  • Structure: RNA is typically single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix.

Similarities between RNA and DNA:

  • Nucleotides: Both RNA and DNA are composed of nucleotides, which consist of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base.
  • Bases: They both use adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) as bases.
  • Genetic Information: Both carry genetic information and play essential roles in cellular processes like protein synthesis.
  • Complementary Base Pairing: RNA and DNA use complementary base pairing (A with U in RNA, and A with T in DNA) in various biological processes.
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