Question

Explain genetic drift using the bottleneck effect and founder effect

Answer 1

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• Genetic drift can cause big losses of genetic variation for small populations.

• Population bottlenecks occur when a population’s size is reduced for at least one generation.

• Because genetic drift acts more quickly to reduce genetic variation in small populations, undergoing a bottleneck can reduce a population’s genetic variation by a lot, even if the bottleneck doesn’t last for very many generations.

• This is illustrated by the bags of marbles shown below, where, in generation 2, an unusually small draw creates a bottleneck.

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