Final answer:
The colonization of North America involved the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch establishing the first permanent settlements from St. Augustine in 1565 to Georgia in 1735, with various other colonies founded in between, including Quebec, Jamestown, and New Amsterdam (New York).
Step-by-step explanation:
The colonization of North America in the 1500s and 1600s saw various European powers establishing colonies. The first permanent European settlement was by the Spanish in St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565. The French followed, with a fort at Port Royal in now Nova Scotia in 1604 and Quebec on the St. Lawrence River in 1608. The English tried settling on Roanoke Island in 1585, but it was unsuccessful. They established more permanent colonies later with Jamestown in 1607, Plymouth in 1620, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire before the year 1640. After 1660, under Charles II, the approach to colonization changed, leading to proprietary colonies and more direct control by the Crown. By 1735, Georgia was established as the last of the English colonies. The Dutch also founded a colony in what is now New York and New Jersey, primarily for fur trading, before it was ceded to England in 1664.