Final answer:
White Southern Democrats used literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses to suppress the black vote in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These tactics made voting difficult or impossible for many blacks.
Step-by-step explanation:
White Southern Democrats implemented several measures to suppress the black vote in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These included literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses. Literacy tests were designed to be extremely difficult and were used to disqualify individuals who could not pass them. Poll taxes were fees paid by voters at the polling place, which many blacks could not afford. The grandfather clause was a provision in which those whose fathers or grandfathers had voted before 1867 were exempt from literacy tests and poll taxes. As most blacks' ancestors had been slaves and thus not eligible to vote, this clause effectively excluded them.
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