Answer/ Explanation: Determining the most lasting impact of ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia on the world can be subjective, as different civilizations had significant contributions in various fields. However, one notable civilization that had a lasting impact is the Sumerian civilization. Here are a few reasons why:
1. Invention of Writing: The Sumerians developed one of the earliest known writing systems, called cuneiform. This invention revolutionized communication and paved the way for future civilizations to record and preserve knowledge. The concept of writing spread throughout the region and beyond, influencing the development of alphabets and written languages worldwide.
2. Legal and Administrative Systems: The Sumerians established complex legal and administrative systems to govern their cities. They developed laws, established courts, and created written records of legal codes. These systems influenced later civilizations, including the Babylonians and Assyrians, as well as the development of legal systems in various parts of the world.
3. Urban Planning and Architecture: The Sumerians built impressive cities with advanced architectural techniques. They constructed massive ziggurats, which were religious and administrative centers, as well as intricate irrigation systems to support agriculture. These architectural achievements influenced future civilizations in terms of urban planning and construction techniques.
4. Mathematical and Astronomical Knowledge: The Sumerians made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. They developed a number system based on 60 (which is still used for measuring time and angles today) and made astronomical observations that contributed to the development of calendars. Their mathematical and astronomical knowledge influenced subsequent civilizations, including the Babylonians.
While the Sumerians had a significant impact, it is important to note that other ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, such as the Babylonians and Assyrians, also made substantial contributions to various fields. The lasting impact of these civilizations can be seen in areas such as law, literature, mathematics, astronomy, and architecture.