Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
d. All of the above
During the physical examination for preoperative artery mapping for dialysis fistula creation, it is important to perform a comprehensive assessment to ensure that the chosen arteries are suitable for creating the fistula. This typically includes:
a. Bilateral arm blood pressure measurements: This is done to assess the blood pressure in both arms to identify any significant differences that could indicate vascular issues.
b. Pulse exam of brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries: Examining the pulses in the brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries helps assess the overall blood flow and the condition of these arteries in the patient's arms.
c. Allen test for palmar arch assessment: The Allen test is performed to assess the patency of the palmar arches in the hand. It helps ensure that there is adequate collateral circulation in the hand before creating the fistula to prevent complications like hand ischemia.
All of these components are essential to evaluate the suitability of the arteries for dialysis fistula creation and to minimize the risk of complications during and after the procedure.