Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The option that is not included in the various phases of malpractice litigation is:
C. Appeal of the jury decision is begun by the losing party.
Appealing a jury decision is a separate legal process that occurs after the initial trial and is not typically considered a phase of malpractice litigation. In malpractice litigation, the phases generally involve the filing of a complaint (Option A), notifying healthcare institutions of patient injuries (Option B), and the deposition process (Option D), among other legal proceedings. Appeals are a subsequent legal process that may occur if one party is dissatisfied with the outcome of the initial trial.