The Indus River Valley Civilization encompassed parts of three present-day countries:
1. Pakistan: The majority of the Indus River Valley Civilization is located in what is now modern-day Pakistan, particularly in the provinces of Sindh and Punjab.
2. India: Some of the territory of the ancient civilization also extended into northwestern India, in the regions of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
3. Afghanistan: While a smaller part of the civilization's influence reached into what is now Afghanistan, particularly in its eastern regions.
These regions along the Indus River and its tributaries were home to one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, known for its advanced city planning and culture, and it flourished around 2500 BCE.