Question

Identify five factors that contribute to incumbency advantage and explain how EACH factor contributes to incumbency advantage.

Answer 1

The five factors that contribute to incumbency advantage are name recognition and voting records, previous election win, constituent casework, increased use of office perquisites, and weak opposition candidates.

Step-by-step explanation:

The five factors that contribute to incumbency advantage are:

1. Name recognition and voting records: Incumbents have an advantage because they are more likely to be recognized by voters due to their previous campaigns and voting history. This increases their visibility and chances of being interviewed by the media.
2. Previous election win: Incumbents who have won elections before are more likely to receive financial support from political action committees and interest groups. These groups are less likely to support a candidate who they believe will lose.
3. Constituent casework: Incumbents have the advantage of being able to assist their constituents with various issues, such as federal benefits or immigration challenges. This can lead to positive publicity and support from voters.
4. Increased use of office perquisites: Members of Congress have access to office perks, such as travel budgets and the Congressional frank. These perks can contribute to their incumbency advantage by allowing them to engage in nonpartisan activities and provide constituency services.
5. Weak opposition candidates: Ineffective or low-quality challengers can contribute to the incumbency advantage. When incumbents lack strong opposition, their chances of winning reelection are significantly higher.

Answer 2

Name Recognition, Access to Campaign Finance, Constituent Services, Experience and Expertise, Franking Privilege.

Step-by-step explanation:

Name Recognition: Incumbents have the advantage of being more widely recognized than their challengers. This familiarity often makes voters more comfortable voting for them.

Access to Campaign Finance: Incumbents typically find it easier to raise funds for re-election campaigns because donors believe they have a higher likelihood of winning and want to support a proven candidate.

Constituent Services: During their tenure, incumbents often provide services to their constituents, resolving issues or supporting community projects, which can earn them loyalty and gratitude from voters.

Experience and Expertise: Incumbents can point to their experience and the work they've done while in office, making the case that they have a proven track record and are better suited to the job than a newcomer.

Franking Privilege: Incumbents in many legislative bodies, like the U.S. Congress, have the right to send mail to their constituents without having to pay postage (known as the "Franking Privilege"). This allows them to communicate their achievements and views to voters at no extra cost, giving them an advantage over challengers.