Based on the given information, the best supported claim would be option A: "Errors can occur during DNA replication, causing new inheritable genetic variations."
During meiosis, DNA replication takes place, which involves the copying of DNA strands. Occasionally, errors can occur during this replication process, such as the incorporation of an incorrect nucleotide, like adenine in place of cytosine. These errors are not always corrected by DNA repair mechanisms.
When these errors are not repaired and the mutated gamete is fertilized, it can result in new inheritable genetic variations in the offspring. These variations can contribute to genetic diversity within a population, leading to the potential for evolution and adaptation.
Options B, C, and D are not directly supported by the given information. Lateral gene transfers (option B) refer to the transfer of genes between organisms, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Mutations caused by environmental factors (option C) are also not specifically addressed. And while new allele combinations do occur during meiosis (option D), the specific claim made in the scenario is about errors during DNA replication rather than the recombination of alleles.