Answer:
Option (C) interferon is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Type I, type II, and type III interferons are the three primary subtypes. These interferons have different roles in the immune response and are generated by various cell types. Interferons are released by infected cells as a signalling molecule to nearby cells when a viral infection takes place. A number of intracellular signalling pathways that result in the activation of antiviral defence systems are triggered when interferons bind to certain receptors on the surface of nearby cells.
An crucial component of the innate immune response to a viral infection is the increase in interferon levels. It starts an early virus-defense mechanism and aids in limiting viral propagation within the body. Interferons aid in the prevention of viral infection and the reduction of viral replication by causing an antiviral state in nearby cells.
Interferons have direct antiviral effects in addition to their ability to modulate the adaptive immune response. By upregulating the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on infected cells, they can improve antigen presentation and aid T cells in recognising the antigen. Natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, two crucial effector cells in the immune response against viruses, are also stimulated by interferons.