Answer: epicycle
Search out "deferent and epicycle" to see images, diagrams, and animations of the epicycle in motion. It traces out an interesting looped curve. Ancient astronomers mistakenly thought that this was how the planets moved in relation to Earth. They mistakenly thought that Earth was at the very center of everything.
However, this type of thinking is incorrect as Johannes Kepler would show later (further confirmed by modern tech such as satellites and space probes). The Earth is not the center of the universe. Also, the planets orbit in elliptical paths rather than circular paths.