Answer:
Overall, the Vikings' use of clinker construction revolutionized shipbuilding during their time. The technique allowed them to construct highly seaworthy vessels that were both strong and lightweight, enabling their extensive exploration, trade, and raiding activities across the seas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Vikings were known for their advanced shipbuilding techniques, particularly the use of a method called clinker construction, also known as lapstrake or overlapping planks. This technique involved overlapping wooden planks and securing them together with iron rivets or nails.
In clinker construction, each plank was carefully shaped and fitted to the one below it, creating a strong and flexible hull. The planks were typically made from oak, which was abundant in the Viking homelands and provided excellent durability and resistance to rot. The overlapping design of the planks allowed for flexibility, enabling the ship to withstand the stresses of rough seas.
To build a Viking ship using clinker construction, the shipbuilders would first lay down the keel, which served as the backbone of the vessel. Then, they would attach the stem and stern posts to the keel. Next, they would start adding the planks from the bottom up, overlapping each other and fastening them with iron rivets or nails. The planks were often reinforced with additional strakes (horizontal planks) at key stress points such as the bow and stern.
The use of clinker construction had several effects on Viking ships. Firstly, it made the ships incredibly strong and seaworthy. The overlapping planks provided structural integrity and allowed for flexibility, making them less prone to breaking or leaking in rough waters. This was crucial for Viking voyages across vast distances in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Secondly, clinker construction allowed for relatively lightweight ships compared to other contemporary shipbuilding techniques. The overlapping planks reduced the need for excessive internal framing, resulting in lighter vessels that could be maneuvered more easily both on water and land. This was particularly advantageous for Vikings who often engaged in raiding and trading activities that required portaging their ships over land between rivers or seas.
Lastly, clinker construction facilitated efficient repairs and maintenance. If a plank became damaged or needed replacement, it could be easily removed and replaced without dismantling the entire ship. This made it possible for Viking ships to undergo repairs and modifications even during long voyages, ensuring their longevity and adaptability.