Final answer:
All the given options (rice with beta-carotene, pest-resistant corn, and cows producing human milk) are examples of genetically modified organisms. GMOs have their genetic material altered to increase crop yields, improve nutritional content, or for scientific research. Examples include 'Golden Rice' for nutritional enhancement and genetically modified cows to produce milk for infants incapable of breastfeeding.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the options you have provided, rice with a gene to produce beta carotene, corn with a gene that makes it resistant to pests, and cows with human genes causing them to produce identical human breast milk, are examples of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
These organisms have had their genetic material altered using genetic engineering techniques. GMOs are often used in scientific research, to increase crop yields, or to improve the nutritional content of food.
Pests' resistance can also reduce the need for pesticides.
Rice enriched with beta-carotene (termed 'Golden Rice') is an example of nutritional enhancement in GMOs, providing Vitamin A that many people in developing regions lack in their diet. Genetically modified cows producing human milk can solve nutritional deficits in some infants who can't be breastfed for medical reasons.
Learn more about Genetically Modified Organisms