Answer:
D) an issue network
Step-by-step explanation:
An issue network refers to a loose, informal relationship between public officials, interest groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies. Unlike an iron triangle, which typically involves a more narrow and tightly-knit relationship between specific interest groups, congressional committees, and government agencies, an issue network is a broader and more flexible coalition of actors who come together around a specific policy issue. Issue networks often form around complex and contentious policy problems that require input and collaboration from various stakeholders. These networks can include government officials, interest groups, think tanks, academics, and other individuals or organizations who share a common interest in shaping policy outcomes. The members of an issue network may vary over time and can come and go as their interests align with the particular policy issue at hand.