Final answer:
The first two statements represent deductive reasoning where conclusions are based on premises. The last two statements are examples of inductive reasoning - drawing general conclusions from specific examples.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statements in question each demonstrate a type of reasoning. 'All men are mortal. Joe is a man. Therefore, Joe is mortal.' is utilizing deductive reasoning, where the truth of the conclusion is based on the truth of the premises. It implies that if 'all men are mortal' and 'Joe is a man' are true, then 'Joe is mortal' must also be true.
'To get a high school diploma from The Ogburn School, a student must have 24 credits. Cindy has more than 24 credits. Therefore, Cindy must have a high school diploma.' is also an example of deductive reasoning. Just because Cindy has more than 24 credits doesn't necessarily mean she has a high school diploma. She may have these credits but not have fulfilled the other requirements for graduation.
'This cat is black. That cat is black. A third cat is black. Therefore, all cats are black.' and 'This marble from the bag is black. That marble from the bag is black. A third marble from the bag is black. Therefore, all the marbles in the bag are black.' are both examples of inductive reasoning. They're making generalizations based on a handful of specific observations. However, they might not be true as all cats and all marbles are not necessarily black just because a few are.
Learn more about Inductive and Deductive Reasoning