Final answer:
Spain and Portugal were the two colonial powers that dominated South America, with Brazil being colonized by Portugal. In North America, the British held territory to the east of New Spain in 1763.
Step-by-step explanation:
The colonial powers that dominated South America were Spain and Portugal. Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese. Following the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Portuguese claimed the eastern coast of South America, which included present-day Brazil. Meanwhile, the territory in North America to the east of New Spain in 1763 was held by the British. The French contested Spanish power and established colonies primarily based on economic interests, such as the fur trade in North America. Likewise, the Dutch established a presence in the Caribbean, focusing on trade and activities that would weaken the Spanish economically. Despite these challenges, the Spanish and Portuguese powers maintained a strong hold over the majority of South America.