Final answer:
The prosperity of medieval African kingdoms and empires was greatly influenced by religion and trade. Islam provided a unified system of law and ethics while trade, notably the trans-Saharan trade, accumulated wealth and power for these empires.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rise and prosperity of medieval African kingdoms and empires, such as the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire, were significantly impacted by both religion and trade.
Religion, specifically Islam, played a role in providing a unified system of law and ethics, aiding in the political organization of these empires. Muslim scholars also brought with them Arabic literacy, which helped in keeping records and communication.
Trade was another crucial factor, especially the trans-Saharan trade. The trade of goods such as gold, salt, ivory, and slaves allowed these African empires to accumulate wealth and power. Importantly, it also facilitated cultural exchange and intellectual dialogue, leading to political, economic, and cultural sophistication.
Learn more about Medieval African Kingdoms