Answer:
Both:
Were ruled by a monarch or other supreme authority.
Had a bureaucracy to administer the state.
Used a military to defend the state and project its power.
Collected taxes to fund the state's activities.
Promoted a common religion and culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
bardAI
Differences
Religion: Islam was the official religion of Dar al-Islam, while Eastern Orthodox states were religiously diverse and Roman Catholic states were mostly Catholic.
Legal system: Dar al-Islam was governed by Islamic law, while Eastern Orthodox states and Roman Catholic states had their own legal systems based on Roman law and Christian tradition.
Level of diversity: Dar al-Islam was more cosmopolitan and diverse than Eastern Orthodox states and Roman Catholic states.
Location: Dar al-Islam was located in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia, while Eastern Orthodox states were located in Eastern Europe and Russia, and Roman Catholic states were located in Western Europe