Answer:
a verb is used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.
a phrase is a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
infinitive is a basic form of a verb, without an inflection binding it to a particular subject or tense (e.g. see in we came to see, let him see ).
a participle is a word formed from a verb (e.g. going, gone, being, been ) and used as an adjective (e.g. working woman, burnt toast ) or a noun (e.g. good breeding ). In English participles are also used to make compound verb forms (e.g. is going, has been ).