Final answer:
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, whereas covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of an ionic bond, while carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen gas (N2) are examples of covalent bonds.
Step-by-step explanation:
A bond between Na and Cl is an example of an ionic bond. In an ionic bond, one atom transfers electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of ions. Sodium (Na) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl), resulting in the formation of Na+ and Cl- ions. The opposite electric charges of the ions attract each other and create a strong bond between them.
On the other hand, a bond between C and O is an example of a covalent bond. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Carbon (C) and oxygen (O) share electrons, forming a double bond between them. This sharing of electrons creates a strong bond between the atoms.
A bond between N and N is an example of a covalent bond as well. Since both nitrogen (N) atoms have the same electronegativity, they share their electrons equally, resulting in a strong bond between them.
Learn more about Ionic and covalent bonds