Final answer:
Sublimation is the process of a solid going straight to a gas. Condensation is the formation of clouds when water vapor in the air cools. Melting is the process that applies heat to a solid, turning it into a liquid. Freezing is the removal of heat from a liquid, causing it to turn into a solid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of a solid going straight to a gas is called sublimation. This occurs when a solid substance changes directly into a gas without going through the liquid state. An example of sublimation is when solid dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) turns into carbon dioxide gas.
When water vapor in the air cools and condenses into tiny water droplets, it forms a cloud. This process is called condensation, not sublimation. Condensation is the transition from a gas to a liquid.
The process that applies heat to a solid, causing it to turn into a liquid is called melting. An example of melting is when an ice cube is heated and turns into liquid water. This is the opposite of freezing, which is the transition from a liquid to a solid.
When heat is removed from a liquid, causing it to turn into a solid, it is called freezing. An example of freezing is when liquid water is placed in a freezer and solidifies into ice. This is the opposite of melting.
Learn more about States of Matter