Final answer:
The volume of a gas can change with pressure and temperature. According to Boyle's Law, volume decreases with increased pressure and vice versa, while according to Charles' Law, volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature. Therefore, in the context of these questions, volume changes in accordance with these laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
The science at work in these scenarios is derived from Boyle's Law and Charles' Law. Boyle's Law states that the pressure and volume of a gas have a constant product, so an increase in pressure will result in a decrease in volume and vice versa, given that temperature remains constant. Charles' Law states that volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature if pressure is kept constant, so as temperature increases, volume does too.
- The weather balloon's volume when the pressure decreases to 43.0 kPa, using Boyle's Law, can be calculated as follows: V2 = (V1 * P1) / P2 = (100.0 L * 101 kPa) / 43.0 kPa = 234.9 L.
- The volume of helium when the pressure drops to 86.2 kPa is also calculated using Boyle's Law. V2 = (V1 * P1) / P2 = (11.0 L * 98.0 kPa) / 86.2 kPa = 12.5 L.
- Decreasing the pressure and then increasing the gas's temperature will result in the gas volume increasing given that initially the volume increases due to decrease in pressure (according to Boyle's Law) and then further expands with increasing temperature (according to Charles' Law).
- If the pressure on the gas were doubled while at the same time the absolute temperature was doubled, the net effect on the volume would be no change at all, because the increase from doubling the temperature would counteract the decrease from doubling the pressure.
Learn more about Gas Laws