Question

How do specialized structures contribute to the efficient exchange of molecules with the environment? a) They hinder the exchange process by reducing surface area b) They increase distance for better molecule diffusion c) They optimize surface area for effective molecule exchange d) They prevent any exchange of molecules with the environment

Answer 1

Specialized structures optimize surface area for efficient molecule exchange, like alveoli in lungs for gas exchange and villi in the digestive system for nutrient absorption.

Step-by-step explanation:

Specialized structures play a significant role in facilitating the efficient exchange of molecules with the environment. The correct answer is c) They optimize the surface area for effective molecule exchange. For example, in humans, the alveoli in our lungs are a specialized structure. They provide a large surface area for the exchange of gases, namely oxygen and carbon dioxide, between our body and the environment. Similarly, the villi and microvilli in our digestive system increase the surface area to optimize the absorption of nutrients from the food we eat. As noted, the specialization of structures does not hinder exchange, but rather optimizes it for effectiveness and efficiency.

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