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metaphor: a. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar
simile: d. a comparison of two unlike things, often introduced by "like" or "as"
personification: c. representing a thing or idea as a person in art, literature
onomatopoeia: b. the forming of a word (like "buzz" or "hiss") in imitation of a natural sound