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d. reparations created hardships for the german people and sowed discontent.
the treaty of versailles imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on germany, leading to economic difficulties, social unrest, and a sense of humiliation among the german population. these conditions contributed to the rise of adolf hitler and the nazi party, which eventually led to world war II. additionally, some argue that the treaty's punitive measures and territorial rearrangements in europe destabilized the continent, creating a climate conducive to future conflict.