Question

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between the monarchy in England by 1700 and that in France? Option 1: England had no state religion, while in France Catholicism was the state religion. Option 2: England had employed the first absolute monarchy. Option 3: England had formally declared the king subject to parliament, and the French king ruled absolutely. Option 4: England's monarch influenced much of Europe, while the French monarch was weak internationally.

Answer 1

The key difference between the monarchies by 1700 is that England had moved towards a constitutional monarchy with the Option 3: king subject to parliament, while France was ruled by an absolute monarchy under Louis XIV with centralized power.

Step-by-step explanation:

The main difference between the monarchy in England by 1700 and that in France lies in the way they managed their power with respect to the state structure. Option 3: England had formally declared the king subject to parliament, and the French king ruled absolutely. England's monarchy had evolved into a constitutional monarchy, largely due to the significance of the Magna Carta and the development of Parliament, which by the 1700s had established itself strongly enough to assert dominance over the English monarch. This is exemplified by the fact that after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the English Bill of Rights of 1689 stipulated that the monarchy could not rule without the consent of Parliament. In contrast, France under Louis XIV epitomized absolute monarchy, with the monarch wielding centralized power without any such limitation, often justified by the notion of divine right.