Final answer:
The correct summary is that favored methods of transportation caused division in the U.S., while the paraphrase explains the population's split in preferences for canals versus railroads. The 1800s saw a transportation revolution that transformed American society and economy through extensive railroad development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking to decide which passage summarizes the meaning and which one paraphrases the meaning from the text 'The Railroad Builders' by John Moody. Summary refers to a brief statement that captures the essence of a text, while a paraphrase rewrites the text in different words, retaining all the details. The correct summary of the text's meaning is 'Favored methods of transportation were a source of division in the United States'. The paraphrase regarding the division of preferences for canals and railroads among the population also accurately describes the content without directly quoting the text.
During the 1800s, transportation infrastructure rapidly developed with investments in roads, canals, and railroads. These innovations were part of the transportation revolution, which greatly impacted the American economy, local movement, communication, and overall progress. The railroad, in particular, became a dominant transport system by the 1850s, outpacing canals and creating a cohesive national market system.