Final answer:
John Locke, in 'Two Treatises of Government', laid out the ideas of a society based on natural rights and contract theory. He critiqued the monarchical system and proposed the idea of a legitimate government derived from the consent of people, whose primary duty is to ensure the protection of life, liberty, and property.
Step-by-step explanation:
In his magnum opus 'Two Treatises of Government', John Locke lays down the blueprint for a civil society based on natural rights and a contract theory of government. The first treatise is a rigorous critique of patriarchal monarchy as proposed by Sir Robert Filmer, while the second forms the cornerstone of liberal democracy. This proposes that a legitimate government can only come into existence through the consent of those governed and must serve primarily to protect the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and property. Moreover, should a government fail to uphold these expectations, the people have the right to revolt and install a new government.
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