Final answer:
The pope refused to annul Henry VIII's marriage, leading to Henry passing the Act of Supremacy which declared him Supreme Head of the Church of England.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the pope refused to grant an annulment, Henry VIII had Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy, which recognized him as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. This pivotal moment in history took place because Henry was desperate to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn in hopes of producing a male heir. When the Pope did not grant his request, Henry VIII decided to break away from the Catholic Church and establish the Church of England, appointing himself as the Supreme Head.
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