Explanation:
you remember, a negative exponent means 1/...
and any exponent always applies to every factor of a product.
so,
(¼ x)^-2 = (¼)^-2 × x^-2 = 1/(¼)² × 1/x² = 1/(1/4²) × 1/x² =
= 1/(1/16) × 1/x² = 16 × 1/x² = 16/x²
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